Thermodynamics
The effects of work, heat and energy on a system
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1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics simply states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed (conservation of energy). Thus power generation processes and energy sources actually involve conversion of energy from one form to another, rather than creation of energy from nothing
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The second law is concerned with entropy, which is a measure of disorder. The second law says that the entropy of the universe increases
Absorbed Solar Radiation
Solar radiation absorbed by various materials
Arithmetic and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference
Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD - and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD - formulas with examples - Online Mean Temperature Calculator
Carnot Efficiency
The efficiency of the Carnot cycle
Coefficients of Cubical Expansion of Liquids
Volumetric expansion coefficients of some common fluids
Coefficients of Linear Expansion
Linear temperature expansion coefficients for some common materials as aluminum, copper, glass, iron and many more
Conductive Heat Transfer
Heat transfer takes place as conduction if there is a temperature gradient in a solid or fluid
Convective Heat Transfer
Heat transfer between a solid and a moving fluid is called convection. This is a short tutorial about convective heat transfer
Cooling Mode and Heat Flux
Heat flux for various cooling modes
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Critical Points some common Substances
Critical points of some common substances like air, argon, helium and more
Density of Fluids - Changing Pressure and Temperature
Calculating density of fluids when changing pressure and temperature
Diffusion Coefficients
A substance will flow from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Dowtherm A
Physical properties of Dowtherm A
Emissivity Coefficients of some common Materials
The radiation heat transfer emissivity coefficient of some common materials as aluminum, brass, glass and many more
Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work
Energy Density for various Storage Forms
Energy density by weight and volume for some common storage forms
Energy Storage in Water - kWh
Thermal heat energy stored in water
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Energy Transfer Equation
Fluid energy transfer
Freezing Mixtures
Temperature change with freezing mixtures
Freezing Points Common Liquids
Common fluids and their freezing points
Heat Capacity
The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to change its temperature by one degree, and has units of energy per degree
Heat Storage in Materials
Physical properties of sensible heat storage materials
Heat Transfer Coefficients in Heat Exchangers
Overall heat transfer coefficients in some common heat exchanger constructions - tubular, plate and spiral
Heat, Work and Energy
Tutorial to heat, work and energy - essentials as specific heat and specific heat capacity
Heating Up Applications - Energy Required
Energy required heating up substances
Heating Value
The gross (high) and net (low) heating values
Ideal Gas Properties of Nitrogen
Enthalpy, internal energy and entropy of Nitrogen
Latent Heat of Melting of some common Materials
The latent heat of fusion when changing between solid or liquid state of some common materials as aluminum, ammonia, glycerin, water and more
Mollier Chart Water - Imperial Units
Mollier chart in English Units
Mollier Chart Water - Metric Units
Mollier chart in Metric Units
Mollier Diagram for Water-Steam
Enthalpy-entropy diagram for water and steam
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Calculate overall heat transfer coefficient - walls or heat exchangers
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients for some common Fluids and Heat Exchanger Surfaces
Average overall heat transmission coefficients for some common fluids and surface combinations as Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more
Power Plant Performance Factors
Power plants and heat rate, thermal efficiency, capacity factor, load factor, economic efficiency, operational efficiency, energy efficiency
Properties and State
Concept of properties and state
Radiation Constants of some common Building Materials
The radiation constant is the product between the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and the emissivity constant for the material
Radiation Emissivity of some common Materials
Radiation emissivity of some common materials - Water, Ice, Snow, Grass ..
Radiation Heat Emissivity for Aluminum
Radiation heat emissivity of unoxidized, oxidized and polished aluminum
Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat transfer due to emission of electromagnetic waves is known as thermal radiation
Rankine Efficiency
The efficiency of the Rankine cycle
Resistivity from Conductivity
Thermal resistivity and conductivity
Salt Hydrates - Melting points and Latent Energy
Melting points and latent energy of salt hydrates
Specific Heat Capacity
The Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of heat required to change a unit mass of a substance by one degree in temperature
Specific Heat Capacity Converter
Online specific heat calculator with the most common units
Standardized Enthalpies and Entropies
Standardized enthalpies and entropies of some common substances
Temperature
A short introduction to temperature - including Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin and Rankine definitions - online temperature converter
Temperature Expansion Coefficients of some common Piping Materials
Expansion coefficients of some common materials used for pipes and tubes - aluminum, carbon steel, cast iron, PVC, HDPE and more
Thermal Conductance Conversion Factors
Convert between thermal conductivity units
Thermal Conductivities of Heat Exchanger Materials
Typical heat exchanger materials and thermal conductivities
Thermal Conductivity Common Liquids
Common fluids and their thermal conductivity
Thermal Conductivity Online Converter
An online thermal conductivity calculator
Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials
Thermal conductivity of some common materials - aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel and many more ..
Thermal Expansion - Linear
Linear temperature expansion - online calculator
Thermal Expansion - Superficial i.e. Area
Superficial i.e area temperature expansion - online calculator
Thermal Expansion - Volumetric or Cubic
Cubical expansion when changing temperature - online calculator
Thermal Transmittance - U
Thermal transmittance - U - from thermal resistance
Thermodynamic Terms
Common thermodynamic terms - potential energy, kinetic energy, thermal or internal energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy and more
Third Law of Thermodynamics
The entropy of a substance is zero if the absolute temperature is zero
Units of Heat - BTU, Calorie and Joule
The most common units of heat are BTU - British Thermal Unit, Calorie and Joule
Water - Temperature and Specific Gravity
Specific gravity of water ranging 32 - 600 oF
Work
The amount of work done is the product of the applied force and the distance
Zeroth Law of Temperature
Temperature and heat flow
