Steam and Condensate
Steam & condensate properties - capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more
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Control Valves and Equipment
Sizing and dimensions of control valves & equipment in steam and condensate systems
Flash Steam
Flash steam generation - thermodynamic fundamentals, heat loss, energy recovery and more
Heat Loss and Insulation
Steam and condensate pipes - heat loss uninsulated and insulated pipes, insulation thickness and more
Pipe Sizing
Sizing steam and condensate pipes - pressure loss, recommended velocity, capacity and more
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics of steam and condensate applications
Air Humidifying with Steam - Imperial Units
Amount of vapor (lb/h in 100 cfm) in humid air
Air and Steam Mixture
With air in the steam the surface temperatures in heat exchangers will be lower - less heat than excepted will be transferred
Boiler Blowdown
Suspended solids entering boilers through feed water will remain behind when steam is generated. After a while the concentration of solids makes the operation of the boiler unsatisfactory
Boiler Blowdown Rate
Calculating boiler blowdown rate
Capacities of Condensate Lines - in kW
Maximum capacities of condensate lines in kW steam consumption
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Classification of Steam Heating Systems
Steam systems carries heat through pipes from the boiler to consumers as heat exchangers, process equipment etc.
Classifications of Boilers
Classification of boilers according ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Condensate Generation in Cold Steam Pipes - Imperial Units
When cold steam pipes are heated up they generate huge amounts of condensate that must be drained away from the pipe
Condensate Load Generated in Insulated Steam Pipes (kg/h per 100m)
The heat loss from steam pipes generates condensate which must be drained from the system - A table indicating the amount of condensate generated in insulated steam pipes
Condensate Pumping
High temperatures and danger of impeller cavitation is the major challenge of condensate pumping
Design of Steam Heating Systems
An introduction to the basic design of steam heating systems
Entropy of Superheated Steam
A table with the entropy of steam superheated to temperatures above the boiling point with corresponding temperatures
Feed Water Treatment - Avoiding Corrosion
The make-up water to steam boilers should be treated with oxygen scavengers to avoid serious corrosion problems
Feeding Pumps - the Suction Lift in Steam Systems
The danger of impeller cavitations increases with water temperature
Feedwater Temperature and Steam Boiler Rating
Fraction of boiler rating under operating conditions
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Flash Steam Generation - SI-units
When condensate leaves the steam traps - flash steam is generated. Amount of flash steam generated at different pressures - kN/m2
Flash Steam Generation (bar)
When condensate leaves the steam traps - flash steam is generated. Table indicating amount of flash steam generated at different pressures - bar
Flash Steam Generation in Imperial Units (psig)
When condensate leaves the steam traps - flash steam is generated. This table indicates the amount of flash steam generated at different pressures - psig
Flow Coefficient - Cv - Formulas for Liquids, Steam and Gases - Online Calculators
The flow coefficient - Cv - is important for proper design of control valves
Flow Coefficient Cv and Flow Factor Kv
Comparing flow coefficient Cv with flow factor Kv
Friction or Major Resistance in Condensate Lines - Imperial Units
A table for estimating capacity of condensate piping lines
Generation of Condensate in Cold Steam Pipes - SI Units
When cold steam pipes are heated up huge amounts of condensate is generated and must be drained from the pipe
Heat Emission from Pipes Submerged in Oil or Fat
Heat emission from steam or water heating pipes submerged in oil or fat - assisted (forced) and natural circulation
Heat Emission from Pipes Submerged in Water
Heat transmission from steam or water heating pipes submerged in water - assisted (forced) and natural circulation
Heat Loss from Oil Filled Tanks
Heat loss from insulated and uninsulated, sheltered and exposed heated oil tanks
Heat Loss from Steam Pipes (W/m)
The amount of condensate generated in steam pipes depends on heat loss from the pipe to the surroundings
Heat Loss from Steam Pipes (btu/h per ft)
Amount of condensate generated in steam pipes depends on the heat loss from the pipe to the surroundings
Heating Capacity of Steam Radiators and Convectors
Steam radiators and steam convectors - heat capacities and temperature coefficients
Humidifying Air with Steam - SI units
The amount of vapor - kg per cubic meter - in humid air
Insulated Steam Pipes - Condensate Load Generated
The heat loss from steam pipes will generate condensate which must be drained from the system - a table indicating the condensate generated in insulated steam pipes (lb/h per 100 ft)
Mollier Diagram for Water-Steam
Enthalpy-entropy diagram for water and steam
NDT - Non Destructive Testing
Non-destructive testing of constructions
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients for some common Fluids and Heat Exchanger Surfaces
Average overall heat transmission coefficients for some common fluids and surface combinations as Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more
Pipes and Tubes - Temperature Expansion
Pipes expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The expansion of the pipes can be expressed with the expansion formula
Properties of Saturated Steam - Imperial Units
A steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures
Properties of Saturated Steam - Pressure in Bar
The Saturated Steam Table with properties as boiling point, specific volume, density, specific enthalpy, specific heat and latent heat of vaporization
Properties of Saturated Steam - SI Units
A Saturated Steam Table with steam properties as specific volume, density, specific enthalpy and specific entropy
Recommended Feed Water Chemistry Limits
Steam boilers and ABMA recommended feed water chemistry limits
Safety Valves in Low Pressure Steam Systems
Sizing safety valves after boiler output power in low pressure systems (kW and Btu/hr)
Sizing Condensate Pipes - SI Units
A table for sizing condensate return lines in steam distribution systems
Sizing Steam Pipes (kg/h)
Steam is a compressible gas where the mass flow capacity of the pipe lines depends on the steam pressure. This table, where pressure is in bar, velocity in m/s and capacity in kg/h, is suitable for sizing steam pipes
Sizing Steam Pipes (lb/h)
Steam is a compressible gas where the capacity of the pipe line depends on the size of the pipes and the steam pressure. This table can be used for fast sizing of steam pipes dimensions
Soft and Hard Water
Hard and soft water
Steam Consumption of some Typical Consumers
Steam consumption rates for typical consumers in different industries as bakeries, breweries, paper factories etc.
Steam Control Valves - Calculating Kv Values
Design of steam control valves and their Kv values
Steam Heating Processes - Load Calculating
Calculating the amount of steam in non-flow batch and continuous flow heating processes
Steam Pipe Pressure drop Calculator
Calculate pressure drop in steam distribution pipe lines
Steam Pipes - Sizing
Pipe sizing steam systems - major and minor loss in steam distribution systems
Steam Tracing of Pipe Lines
To maintain appropriate product temperature in process lines it may often be convenient to use a steam tracing system. This is a table that can be used to estimate the appropriate number of steam tracers
Steam Trap Selection Guide
A steam trap selection guide - Float & Thermostatic, Inverted Bucket, Bimetal Thermostatic, Impulse and Thermodynamic Disc steam traps
Steam and Condensate Loads in Heating Systems
Calculating steam and condensate loads in steam heated systems
Temperature and Moisture Holding Capacity of Air
The moisture holding capacity of air varies with temperature
Thermal Expansion of Steam Pipes - inches
When a steam pipes is heated from surrounding temperature to operation temperature - it expands
Thermal Expansion of Steam Pipes - mm
A steam pipe heated from surrounding temperature to operation temperature expands
Vapor and Steam
Introduction to vapor and steam
Wet Steam Quality and the Dryness Fraction
An introduction and definition of vapor or steam quality and dryness fraction. Includes formulas for calculating wet steams enthalpy and specific volume
Yearly Heat Loss from Steam Pipes
Yearly heat loss from steam pipes can be considerable. This table compare the yearly heat loss in the amount of coal and oil consumption for insulated and uninsulated steam pipe lines at different dimensions and operation time.
