Miscellaneous
Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more.
Related Documents
Acceleration of Gravity vs. Latitude and Elevation
Acceleration of gravity due to latitude and elevation above sea level.
Air Temperature, Pressure and Density vs. Altitude
Elevation above sea level and air temperature, pressure and density.
Angles of Repose
Tipping or dumping angles for common materials like ashes, sand, earth, shingles and more.
Animals - Laboratory Environments
Temperature and humidity environments for laboratory animals.
ANSI/ASME Y14.1 - U.S. Standard Engineering Drawing Sizes
US engineering drawing sizes based on ANSI/ASME Y14.1.
Antifreeze - Ethylene Glycol Volume vs. Temperature Rating
Freeze protecting of cooling systems - temperature rating vs. required amount of antifreeze.
Apothecaries' Weight System
Apothecaries' fluid and weight system with ounces, drachms, grains, scruples and more.
Area Survey App
Online app that can be used to make an exact plot of a surveyed area - like a room, a property or any 2D shape.
Atmospheric Pressure vs. Elevation above Sea Level
Elevation above sea level - in feet and meter - with barometric and atmospheric pressure - inches mercury, psia, kg/cm2 and kPa.
Barometer - Altitude Compensation
Elevation compensating manometer.
Barometric Pressure - Pressure in psi, psf and kPa
Convert between barometric pressure inches Hg, psi and psf.
Beaufort's Wind Scale
The Beaufort description and observation scale for wind and wind speed.
Blueprint Letters
Letters commonly used to differentiate blueprint drawings.
Board Feet Chart and Calculator
Board feet is used as a volume measurement of lumber.
Bricks - Quantity and Mortar Consumption
Estimate required quantities of bricks and mortar.
Builder's to Surveyor's Measurements
Convert builder's measurements to surveyor's measurements.
Building Foundations - Loads
Typical loads on building foundations.
Building Tolerances
Typical tolerances for floors, walls, columns and more.
Car Fuel Consumption - liter/100 km
Calculate fuel consumption in liter per km - consumption chart and calculator.
CE Marking
Verifies that a product is designed to the appropriate standards according the European Machine Directive.
Center of Gravity
A body and the center of gravity.
Chemicals - Formulas and Trading Names
Formulas and trading names for some common chemicals.
Clothing Sizes - US vs. UK and Europe
Comparing European, UK, US sizing in clothing, shoes, shirts and sweaters.
CO2 Calculator - Emissions from Trains
Calculator for CO2 emissions from trains, comparing with alternative forms of transportation (as plane, bus, conventional and electrical cars).
CO2 Calculator - Emissions from Airplanes
Calculator for CO2 emissions from planes, comparing with alternative forms of transportation (as train, bus, conventional and electrical cars).
CO2 Calculator - Emissions from Cars
Calculator for CO2 emissions from different kind of cars (gasoline, diesel, LPG, electrical), comparing with alternative forms of transportation (as airplane, bus and train).
Color Mixing Theory
Subtractive and additive color mixing.
Concentration Units Converter
Calculator and formulas for conversion between different units of concentration: Molarity, molality, mole fraction, weight percent of solute and grams of solute per liter of solution - descriptive terms for solubility.
Concrete - Calculating Cubic Volume
Calculating the concrete volume required for an operation.
Concrete - Water to Cement Ratios
Water vs. cement ratio when mixing concrete.
Concrete Columns
Estimate concrete volume required for concrete columns.
Concrete Footing
Estimating concrete continous footing.
Concrete Footings - Volume
Estimate required concrete footing volume.
Concrete Slabs - Load Capacities
Load capacity of simply supported concrete slabs.
Concrete Slabs - Required Thickness
Required thickness of concrete slabs.
Concrete Slabs - Volume Estimates
Estimate required concrete volume per sq. ft.
Concrete Walls - Volume
Estimate concrete wall volume.
Consanguinity
Relationship between persons decending from the same anchestor.
Constants of π
The mathematical π constants.
Constants of e
The mathematical e constants.
Contract Types
Commonly used engineering and construction contracts.
Conveyors - Belt Speed
Maximum conveyor belt speed.
Conveyors - Capacities
Calculate conveyor capacities.
Conveyors - Load & Power Consumption
Conveyor required power consumption vs. load.
Conveyors - Maximum Inclination vs. Product
Maximum conveyor inclination slopes for typical products.
Cooking Units Volume Converter - U.S. and Metric Units
Convert between cooking liquid and dry measuring US and metric volume units.
Cooking Volumes - U.S. Unit Converter
Convert between US cooking volume units.
Crude Oil Properties - Standard test methods (ASTM and others)
An overview of common test methods and typical ranges of variation of petroleum quality parameters. What, why and how do the different test?
CSI MasterFormat Specifications
Construction Specifications Institute's 2004 Master-Format Edition.
Cylindrical Tanks - Volumes
Volume in US gallons and liters.
Decibel
Logarithmic unit used to describe ratios of signal levels - like power or intensity - to a reference level.
DFA - Design for Assembly index
Design for Assembly Index indicates how easy it is to assembly a component.
Dimensionless Numbers
Physical and chemical dimensionless quantities - Reynolds number, Euler, Nusselt, and Prandtl number - and many more.
Distance between Cities
Flight distances between selected cities in different countries and continents, to be used to calculate CO2 emissions from long distance flights.
Distance Traveled vs. Speed and Time - Calculator and Chart
Velocity plotted in time used diagram.
Drawings - Sheet Layouts
Standard drawing sheets layouts.
Drawings - Standard Metric Sizes
Standard metric drawing sheet sizes.
Driving Distances between European Cities
Driving distance between some major European cities.
Dust Explosions - Substances, Critical Temperatures and Concentrations
Critical temperatures and concentration parameters for substances like coal, zinc, uranium and more.
Electrical Equipment - Power Consumption
Typical power consumption and running time for common electrical equipment.
Electrical Motors - Starting Devices
Direct-on-line starters, star-delta starters, frequency drives and soft starters.
Electrotechnical Abbreviations
Abbreviations according the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Engine & Gear Oil - Recommended Viscosity vs. Outside Temperature
Oil viscosity vs. temperature.
EV - Electric Vehicles Energy Consumption - miles/kWh vs. kWh/100 km
Convert between energy consumption units like miles/kWh and kWh/100 km.
EV - Electric Vehicles Range vs. State of Charge (SOC) Calculator
Electric vehicle range vs. battery size, SOC - state of charge and energy consumption.
EV - Electrical Vehicles Charging Speed (km/h and mph)
Electrical vehicle charging speed vs. power supply and energy consumption.
Excavation Slopes
Calculating excavation slope.
Factors of Safety - FOS
Factors of Safety - FOS - are important in engineering designs.
Fasteners - Type Chart
Wood screws, machine screws, sheet metal screws, self drilling SMS and more.
Feet vs. Inches Converting Chart
Convert from feet and inches to inches.
Fire-Stop Ratings
F-rated, T-rated and L-rated fire-stop systems.
Food Products - Osmotic Pressures
Osmotic pressure in food products.
Food-borne Infections and Diseases
Common bacteria and viruses found in food.
Friction - Coefficients for Common Materials and Surfaces
Find friction coefficients for various material combinations, including static and kinetic friction values. Useful for engineering, physics, and mechanical design applications.
Frozen Food - Storage Life
Practical storage life for common frozen food products.
Fruits and Vegetables - Optimal Storage Conditions
Optimal temperature and humidity conditions for common fruits and vegetables.
Fuel Consumption - mpg
Calculate fuel consumption in miles per gallon - mpg - calculator and consumption charts.
Fuel Consumption Converter
Convert between fuel consumption units like US MPG, Imperial MPG, litre/nm, litre/100 km and km/litre
Galvanic Corrosion vs. Electrode Potential
Introduction to electro chemical series and corrosion of metals.
Glue-Laminated Timber - Dimensions
Common sizing of glue-laminated timber.
Golden Section
Golden Section also called the Golden Mean.
Gravel - Cover Area
Gravel aggregate covering area.
Grease - Temperature Limits
Temperature limits for grease - a combination of oil and thickener.
Greek Alphabet
The Greek alphabet is essential expressing formulas and in technical language.
Grit Size vs. Surface Roughness
Comparing sandpaper grit size and surface roughness.
Hardwood and Softwoods - Recommended Drill Bit Speeds
Hardwood and softwood drill speed chart.
Hardwood Lumber - Dimensions
Sizing of hardwood lumber.
Hazardous Areas - European Classification Standard
European hazardous area classification with zones, protection types, temperature codes and codes.
Hazardous Areas - North America Classification
North American hazardous locations classification with classes, divisions and groups
HTML Color Codes
Safe html color codes.
Inches: Fractional to Decimal Equivalents Conversion Chart
The decimal equivalents of eights, sixteenths, thirty-seconds and sixty-fourths of an inch.
International Standard Atmosphere
International standard atmosphere in elevation -2000 to 30000 metre - pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and velocity of sound.
ISO 724 - Metric Threads
Dimensions of metric threads according ISO 724.
Latitude and Longitude Converter: Convert Between Degrees, Minutes, Seconds, and Decimal Units
Convert between Degrees, Minutes and Seconds and Decimal Units (or vice versa).
Lead-Acid Batteries
Specific gravity and charge of lead acid batteries - temperature and efficiency.
Length Units Converter
Convert between units like metre, feet, inches, yards, kilometers and miles.
Lengths and Areas vs. Mapping Scales
Convert lengths areas between different mapping scales.
Light Beam Path for a Prism
The light beam dispersion rainbow color effect of a prism.
Low-Frequency Vibrations Effects on Building Constructions
Effects of low-frequency vibrations on building constructions.
Lubricated Bolts and Reduced Torque
Lubrication effect on bolt tension and torque.
Lumber - Surface Finishing
Lumber and surface finishing abbreviations.
Machine Processing - Tolerance Grades
Machine processing and tolerance grades.
Manila Ropes - Strength
Minimum breaking strength and safe load of manila 3-strand rope.
Masonry Blocks - Dimensions
Concrete Masonry Unit Blocks (CMU) - dimensions.
Materials - Light Reflecting Factors
Light reflecting factor materials.
Mesh Sizes vs. Particle Diameters
Strainers and filters - mesh size vs. particle diameter opening size.
Metal Content in Minerals
Content of metals in minerals.
Metric Bolt Heads and Wrench Sizes
ANSI/SO, DIN and JIS bolts.
Mild Steel - Round Bars Weight
Weight of round bars.
Mild Steel - Square Bars Weight
Typical weights of mild steel square bars.
Minutes to Decimal Hours Conversion: Chart & Calculator
Convert minutes to descimal hours.
Miter Saw Angle Protractor – Quick & Accurate Angle Measurements
Use a miter saw angle protractor for precise angle calculations in woodworking and construction. Measure and cut perfect angles effortlessly.
Morse Code Alphabet
The morse code alphabet.
Mortar Types
ASTM mortar types.
Nails and Spikes - Withdrawal Force
Allowable withdrawal load for nail and spikes.
Numerical Constants
Some numerical constants.
Nylon Ropes - Strengths
Nylon 3-strand and 8-strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load.
Oil Lubrication - Temperature Limits
Temperature limits for lubricating oils.
Paper Drafting Sizes - Comparing ISO and U.S. Drawing Sheets
ISO vs. U.S. and Canadian drawing sheets.
Paper Drafting Sizes - ISO 216 series A, B and C
ISO 216 A, B and C drawing series - dimensions of regular, oversized and envelope sheets.
Paper Sizes - commonly used in U.S. Offices
Office paper sizes as Letter, Legal, Tabloid and more.
Paper Sizes - Imperial
Printing and drawing papers sizes.
Pasteurization - Temperatures and Time
Pasteurization methods, time and temperatures.
Petroleum Products - Standard Test Methods (ASTM and others) and Specifications
An overview of common test methods and specifications of petroleum fuels. What, why and how do the different test?
pH - Basic (alkaline) vs. Acidic
Introduction to pH - the acidic and basic (alkaline) definition.
Phonetic Alphabet
The phonetic alphabet used in international aircraft communications.
Piston Engines - Compression Ratios
Cylinder volume and compression ratios in piston engines.
Piston Engines - Displacement
Calculate piston engine displacement.
Poisson's Ratio – Definition, Values for Materials, and Applications
Poisson's ratio, a key material property describing the relationship between axial and lateral strain in solid materials. Typical Poisson's ratio values for metals, polymers, ceramics, and more, along with practical applications in engineering and mechanics.
Polyester Polyolefin Ropes - Strengths
Polyester Polyolefin dual fiber 3-strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load.
Polyester Ropes - Strengths
Polyester 3-strand and 8-strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load.
Polypropylene Fiber Ropes - Strengths
Polypropylene fiber 3-strand and 8 strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load.
Precious Metals - Karat Unit of Fineness
Units of fineness - Karat.
Rebar - Metric Reinforcing Bar
Reinforcing bar - European metric dimensions.
Rebar - U.S. Imperial Reinforcing Bar
U.S. imperial dimensions of rebar
Rebars - Weights
Weights of rebar rods - size ranging 1/4.
Rectangular Tanks - Volumes
Tank volume per foot depth.
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a combinations of seven letters.
Roof Framing
Run, roof slope, gable height and gable area.
Roofing Materials - Weights
Weight calculator for roofing materials.
Safety Signals - Recommended Colors
American National Standards Institutes schedule for safety colors marking physical hazards.
Sandpapers - Grit Sizes
Grit sizes ranging 12 - 600.
Satellites in Orbit
Orbital and escape velocity for geostationary satellites.
Scales of Objects
The relative scale of objects.
Scientific and Engineering Terms - ANSI Abbreviations
Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text - ANSI Y1.1.
Shackles - Safe Loads
Safe loads of shackles.
Shipping Measuring Units
Vessel and cargo capacities.
Shrink-Fits Assembly
Assembly temperatures for shrink-fits.
Sieve Sizes vs. Mesh Designations
US commercial sieve sizes vs. mesh designations.
Sisal Ropes - Strengths
Sisal rope 3-strand, minimum breaking strength and safe load.
Slope Calculator: Convert Between Degrees, Gradient, and Grade
Convert slopes pitch between degrees, gradients and grades.
Softwood Lumber - Dimensions
Commercial softwood lumber dimension chart - nominal and actual sizes.
Softwood Lumber - Grading
Rough lumber, surfaced lumber (dressed), worked lumber, shop and factory lumber and yard lumber.
Soil and Rock - Bulk Factors
Soil and rock expansion - or swell - after mining.
Speed of Sound vs. Elevation, Temperature and Air Pressure
Altitude and speed of sound, temperature and pressure.
Staircase Calculator
Calculate steps, unit rise and run in a staircase.
Standard Gauges
Standard gauges for wire and sheet - American, Birmingham, Washburn, Music, Stubs ..
Steel Flats - Weights
Typically weight of mild steel flats.
Steel Plate Weight Guide: Calculator & Data Table
Size & weight of steel plates - Imperial and Metric units.
Steel Tempering Colors
The tempering process of hardening steel.
Steel Wool - Grades
Steel wool grades vs. fiber thickness.
Stockpile Volumes
Volume of natural stockpiles - cubic feet, yard, metre and decimetre.
Stones - Weight and Strength
Weight and strength of sandstone, granite, limestone, marble and slate.
Surface Roughness vs. Abrasive Grain Size
U.S. mesh size vs. surface roughness.
Surface Roughness vs. Mechanical Processing
Mechanical production methods and their surface roughness.
Symbols Used to Denote a Chemical Reactions and Process or Condition
Explanation of symbols used as subscripts or superscripts to tell more about the type of chemical reaction, process or condition.
Threaded Bolts - Stress Area
Threaded bolts tensile stress area.
Tree Species - Water Demand
Trees species and relative water demand.
Trench Excavation
Estimate trench excavation - online calculator.
Troy Weight
Weight unit for preciuos metals like gold and silver.
U.S. and Metric Fasteners - Thread Sizes
Printable fastener chart.
U.S. Bolts - Head and Wrench Sizes
Hex Bolt, Lag Bolt, Square Bolt and Heavy Hex Bolt.
U.S. Standard Architectural Drawing Sizes
US architectural drawing sizes and formats.
Underground Pipes - Earth Pressure
Pressure acting on underground pipes due to weight of soil and transport.
Uniformat
The ASTM E1557 UNIFORMAT II Standard.
Urban Tree Heights
Height of trees commonly used in towns and urban areas.
US Machine Screws - Dimensions
Machine screw diameters.
US Wood Screws - Nominal Sizes
Wood screws - nominal sizes vs. diameters.
US Wood Screws - Pilot Holes
Hard wood and soft wood pilot holes, shank clearance holes and countersink diameters.
UTM to Latitude and Longitude Converter: Convert UTM Coordinates to Geographic Coordinates
Free online UTM to Latitude and Longitude coordinates converter.
Value Engineering
Improved value by enhanced function.
Variable Frequency Drives - Heat Loss and Required Air Cooling
Avoid overheated variable frequency drives with adequate ventilation.
Vehicle - Distance Traveled vs. Velcocity and Time Used (mph)
Speed (mph) and time (hours) and distance traveled (miles) chart.
Vehicle - Distance Traveled vs. Velocity and Time (km/h)
Speed (km/h) vs. time (hours) and distance traveled (km).
Vehicles Traffic Flow and Density
Traffic flow and density as used in highway design.
Velocity Units Converter
Convert between speed and velocity units like m/s, km/h, knots, mph and ft/s.
Walls - No. of Studs
Calculate required number of studs in a wall.
Water Sprinkler Protected Areas and Hazard Classification
Maximum fire sprinkler protected area vs. classification and construction.
Weight vs. Gauges Chart
Gauge and weight chart for sheet steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum and strip & tubing.
Welding Temperatures
Melting and welding temperatures.
Wire Ropes - Strengths
6 strand x 19 wire (6x19) - minimum breaking strength, safe loads and weight.
Wood - Compressive Strength vs. Moisture Content
Red Spruce, Longleaf Pine and Douglas Fir - moisture content and their compressive strength.
Wood Screws - Withdrawal Force
Allowable withdrawal load force.
Wrench Size Conversion Chart – Metric (mm) to SAE (Inches)
Convert between metric and SAE (inch) wrench sizes with this comprehensive comparison chart. Find the closest equivalent sizes for your tools, whether working with US standard (SAE) or metric fasteners.
