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Hydrogen sulfide - Thermophysical Properties

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Hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, is a highly toxic and flammable, colorless gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent.  It is heavier than air and tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell.

Hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in crude petroleum, natural gas, volcanic gases, and hot springs. It can also result from bacterial breakdown of organic matter. It is also produced by human and animal wastes.

Hydrogen sulfide is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent.

The phase diagram of hydrogen sulfide is shown below the table.

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of hydrogen sulfide:
Values are given for gas phase at 25 o C /77 o F / 298 K and 1 bara, if not other phase, temperature or pressure given.

For full table with Imperial Units - rotate the screen!

Hydrogen sulfide - Thermophysical Properties
Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit
Autoignition temperature 505 K 232 °C 450 °F
Boiling Point 213.6 K -59.55 °C -75.2 °F
Critical density 10.2 mol/dm 3 348 kg/m 3 0.675 slug/ft3 21.7 lb/ft3
Critical pressure 8.97 MPa=MN/m 2 89.7 bar 88.5 atm 1301 psi=lb f /in 2
Critical temperature 373.3 K 100.2 °C 212.3 °F
Critical volume 98 cm 3 /mol 0.00288 m 3 /kg 1.48 ft 3 /slug 0.0461 ft 3 /lb
Density (gas) 44.16 mol/m 3 1.505 kg/m 3 0.00292 slug/ft 3 0.0940 lb/ft 3
Density (liquid) at -121.9 °F/-85.5°C 29116 mol/m 3 992.3 kg/m 3 1.925 slug/ft 3 61.95 lb/ft 3
Density (liquid) at -76 °F/-60°C 26877 mol/m 3 916.0 kg/m 3 1.777 slug/ft 3 57.18 lb/ft 3
Flammable, gas and liquid yes
Flash point 480 K 207 °C 405 °F
Gas constant , individual - R 244.0 J/kg K 0.06777 Wh/(kg K) 1459 [ft lb f /slug °R] 45.34 [ft lb f /lb °R]
Gibbs free energy of formation (gas) -34 kJ/mol -998 kJ/kg -429 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of formation (gas) -20.6 kJ/mol -604 kJ/kg -260 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation,at -145°F/-98°C 25.4 kJ/mol 745 kJ/kg 320 Btu/lb
Heat (enthalpy) of evaporation at-100°F/-73°C 20.00 kJ/mol 353.4 kJ/kg 151.93 Btu/lb
Heat capacity , Cp (gas) 34.6 J/mol K 1.01 kJ/kg K 0.242 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat capacity, Cp (liquid) at 20 bara 76.5 J/mol K 2.24 kJ/kg K 0.536 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat capacity, Cv (gas) 26.0 J/mol K 0.76 kJ/kg K 0.182 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Specific heat capacity, Cv (liquid) at 20 bara 37.0 J/mol K 1.09 kJ/kg K 0.259 Btu/lb°F or cal/g K
Ionization potential 10.46 eV
Melting point 187.66 K -85.5 °C -121.9 °F
Molecular Weight 34.081 g/mol 0.07514 lb/mol
Solubility in water, at 25°C 4 mg/ml
Sound velocity in gas 309 m/s 1014 ft/s 692 mi/h
Sound velocity in liquid at 20 bara 836 m/s 2742 ft/s 1873 mi/h
Specific Gravity (gas) (relativ to air) 1.19
Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water) 0.92
Specific Heat Ratio (gas) - CP/CV 1.33
Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) - CP/CV at 20 bara 2.07
Specific Volume (gas) 0.023 m 3 /mol 0.66 m 3 /kg 342.44 ft 3 /slug 10.64 ft 3 /lb
Specific Volume (liquid) at -121.9 °F/-85.5°C 0.0000343 m 3 /mol 0.00101 m 3 /kg 0.519 ft 3 /slug 0.0161 ft 3 /lb
Standard molar entropy , S° (gas) 206 J/mol K 6.04 kJ/kg K 1.44 Btu/lb °F
Surface tension at 257°F/125°C 58.1 dynes/cm 0.0581 N/m
Thermal Conductivity 0.018 W/m °C 0.010400 Btu/hr ft °F
Triple point pressure 0.0233 MPa=MN/m 2 0.233 bar 0.230 atm 3.38 psi=lb f /in 2
Triple point temperature 187.63 K -85.5 °C -121.94 °F
Vapor (saturation) pressure 2.0262 MPa=MN/m 2 15200.0 mm Hg 19.9971 atm 293.88 psi=lb f /in 2
Viscosity , dynamic (absolute) 0.013 cP 8.6 [lb m /ft s*10 -6 ] 0.27 [lb f s/ft 2 *10 -6 ]
Viscosity, kinematic 8.505 cSt 91.5 [ft 2 /s*10 -6 ]

See more about atmospheric pressure , and STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure ,
as well as Thermophysical properties of: Acetone , Acetylene , Air , Ammonia , Argon , Benzene , Butane , Carbon dioxide , Carbon monoxide , Ethane , Ethanol , Ethylene , Helium , Hydrogen , Methane , Methanol , Nitrogen , Oxygen , Pentane , Propane , Toluene , Water and Heavy water, D 2 O .

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas at standard conditions. However, at low temperature and/or high pressures the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.

The hydrogen sulfide phase diagram shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the hydrogen sulfide boiling point with changes in pressure. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature.


At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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