Water - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions

Water tends to evaporate or vaporize by projecting molecules into the space above its surface. If the space is confined the partial pressure exerted by the molecules increases until the rate at which molecules reenter the liquid is equal to the rate at which they leave. The vapor pressure of water is the pressure at which water vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state . At higher pressures water would condense. At this equilibrium condition the vapor pressure is the saturation pressure .

The figures and tables below summarize the thermophysical properties of water and steam at equilibrium. The figures show liquid and gaseous states at equilibrium as a function of temperature, starting at the triple point and ending at the critical temperature.
Tabulated values are given below the figures, in SI and Imperial units.

Figures:
Density
Dynamic (= absolute) viscosity
Enthalpy
Entropy
Specific heat
Prandtl number
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Vapor pressure

Links to Unit converters

See Water and Heavy Water for thermodynamic properties at standard condtions.
See also these and other properties of Water at varying temperature and pressure : Boiling points at high pressure, Boiling points at vacuum pressure, Density and specific weight, Dynamic and kinematic viscosity, Enthalpy and entropy, Heat of vaporization, Ionization Constant, pK_w , of normal and heavy water, Melting points at high pressure, Prandtl number, Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions, Saturation pressure, Specific gravity, Specific heat (heat capacity), Specific volume, Thermal conductivity, Thermal diffusivity and Vapour pressure at gas-liquid equilibrium.

Vapor pressure of water as function of temperature (°C and °F):

See Water - Saturation pressure for calculator of equilibrium pressure at varying temperature.

Dynamic viscosity of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):

See Water - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity for calculator and variations at constant pressures.

Density of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):

See Water - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expantion Coefficient for calculator and variations at constant pressures.


Specific heat (heat capacity) of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):

See Water - Specific heat (heat capacity) for calculator of heat capacity at given temperatures .


Thermal conductivity of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):



See Water - Thermal Conductivity for variations at constant pressures.

Prandtl number of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):




See Water - Prandtl Number for variations at constant pressures.


Thermal diffusivity of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):





See Water - Thermal Diffusivity for variations at constant pressures.


Specific entropy of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):



See Water - Enthalpy and Entropy for tabulated values in different units.

Enthalpy of water (liquid and vapor) as function of temperature (°C and °F):



See Water - Enthalpy and Entropy for tabulated values in different units.

Tabulated values for water properties at gas-liquid equilibrium pressure, given in SI units:

For full table with Thermal Conductivity, Dynamic Viscosity, Enthalpy, Specific Entropy, Prandtl Number and Thermal Diffusivity - rotate the screen!

Water - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions

State	Temperature		Pressure	Density	Heat Capacity CV	Heat Capacity CP	CP/CV	Thermal Conductivity	Dynamic Viscosity	Enthalpy	Specific Entropy	Prandtl Number	Thermal Diffusivity
	(K)	(°C)	(bara)	(g/l), (kg/m3)	(kJ/kg K)	(kJ/kg K)	(-)	(mW/m K)	(μPa s)	(kJ/kg)	(kJ/kgK)	(-)	(×10-6 m2/s)
Liquid	273.16	0.01	6.1E-03	999.8	4.217	4.231	1.003	561.4	1791	6.11E-04	0	13.50	0.1327
	280	6.9	0.0099	999.9	4.200	4.201	1.000	574.0	1434	28.80	0.1041	10.49	0.1367
	300	26.9	0.0354	996.5	4.130	4.181	1.012	610.3	853.8	112.6	0.3931	5.849	0.1465
	320	46.9	0.105	989.4	4.042	4.181	1.034	639.7	577.0	196.2	0.6628	3.771	0.1547
	340	66.9	0.272	979.5	3.942	4.188	1.063	660.6	422.0	279.9	0.9165	2.676	0.1610
	360	86.9	0.622	967.4	3.837	4.202	1.095	673.8	326.1	363.8	1.156	2.034	0.1657
	380	107	1.29	953.3	3.733	4.224	1.132	681.0	262.7	448.1	1.384	1.629	0.1691
	400	127	2.46	937.5	3.632	4.255	1.172	683.6	218.6	533.0	1.601	1.361	0.1714
	420	147	4.37	919.9	3.538	4.299	1.215	682.5	186.7	618.6	1.810	1.176	0.1726
	440	167	7.34	900.7	3.449	4.357	1.263	678.1	162.8	704.5	2.011	1.046	0.1728
	460	187	11.7	879.6	3.368	4.433	1.316	670.3	144.3	793.4	2.205	0.955	0.1719
	480	207	17.9	856.5	3.293	4.533	1.376	659.1	129.6	883.3	2.395	0.892	0.1697
	500	227	26.4	831.3	3.226	4.663	1.446	644.1	117.7	975.4	2.581	0.852	0.1661
	530	257	44.6	788.5	3.138	4.947	1.576	613.2	103.1	1119	2.856	0.831	0.1572
	560	287	71.1	737.8	3.072	5.424	1.765	570.2	90.86	1273	3.132	0.864	0.1425
	590	317	108	674.8	3.042	6.378	2.097	515.4	79.60	1443	3.418	0.985	0.1198
	620	347	159	586.9	3.114	9.354	3.004	454.1	67.38	1646	3.740	1.388	0.08272
	630	357	180	544.2	3.228	12.8269	3.974	432.5	62.24	1731	3.870	1.846	0.06196
	640	367	203	481.5	3.581	25.9424	7.244	414.9	55.25	1842	4.038	3.454	0.03322
	647.1	373.95	221	322.0						2084	4.407
Gas	273.16	0.01	6.1E-03	0.00485	1.418	1.884	1.328	17.07	9.216	2501	9.156	1.017	1869
	280	6.9	0.0099	0.00767	1.424	1.891	1.328	17.44	9.382	2513	8.978	1.017	1202
	300	26.9	0.0354	0.02558	1.442	1.914	1.327	18.67	9.920	2550	8.517	1.017	381.3
	320	46.9	0.105	0.07166	1.463	1.942	1.328	20.12	10.52	2586	8.130	1.015	144.6
	340	66.9	0.272	0.1744	1.489	1.979	1.329	21.78	11.16	2621	7.801	1.014	63.11
	360	86.9	0.622	0.3786	1.525	2.033	1.333	23.70	11.82	2654	7.519	1.014	30.79
	380	107	1.29	0.7483	1.575	2.110	1.339	25.88	12.50	2686	7.274	1.019	16.39
	400	127	2.46	1.369	1.643	2.218	1.350	28.35	13.19	2716	7.058	1.032	9.332
	420	147	4.37	2.352	1.734	2.367	1.365	31.13	13.88	2742	6.866	1.055	5.593
	440	167	7.34	3.833	1.845	2.560	1.388	34.23	14.57	2765	6.691	1.090	3.489
	460	187	11.7	5.983	1.974	2.801	1.419	37.66	15.26	2783	6.530	1.135	2.247
	480	207	17.9	9.014	2.117	3.098	1.463	41.46	15.95	2796	6.380	1.192	1.485
	500	227	26.4	13.20	2.271	3.463	1.525	45.67	16.65	2802	6.235	1.263	0.9991
	530	257	44.6	22.47	2.527	4.209	1.666	53.13	17.76	2798	6.024	1.407	0.5618
	560	287	71.1	37.15	2.822	5.410	1.917	63.34	19.01	2771	5.807	1.623	0.3152
	590	317	108	61.24	3.184	7.768	2.440	81.11	20.63	2710	5.565	1.976	0.1705
	620	347	159	106.3	3.674	14.94	4.067	126.7	23.37	2584	5.253	2.758	0.07973
	630	357	180	132.8	3.911	22.66	5.793	163.4	25.02	2511	5.108	3.468	0.05430
	640	367	203	177.1	4.306	52.59	12.21	250.0	27.94	2396	4.903	5.876	0.02684
	647.1	373.95	221	322.0						2084	4.306

Tabulated values for water properties at gas-liquid equilibrium pressure, given in Imperial units:

For full table with Thermal Conductivity, Dynamic Viscosity, Enthalpy, Specific Entropy, Prandtl Number and Thermal Diffusivity -- rotate the screen!

Water - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions

State	Temperature		Pressure	Density	Heat Capacity CV	Heat Capacity CP	CP/CV	Thermal Conductivity	Dynamic Viscosity		Enthalpy	Specific Entropy	Prandtl Number	Thermal Diffusivity
	(K)	(°F)	(psia)	(lb/ft3)	(Btu(IT)/lb °F)	(Btu(IT)/lb °F)	(-)	(Btu(IT)/h ft °F)	(×10-6 lbf s/ft2)	(×10-6 lbm s/ft s)	(Btu(IT)/lb)	(Btu(IT)/(lb °F))	(-)	(×10-5ft2/s)
Liquid	273.16	32.018	0.0888	62.42	1.007	1.011	1.003	0.3244	37.41	1204	2.63E-04	0	13.50	0.1428
	280	44.3	0.144	62.42	1.003	1.003	1.000	0.3317	29.94	963.4	12.38	0.02487	10.49	0.1471
	300	80.3	0.513	62.21	0.9865	0.9986	1.012	0.3526	17.83	573.8	48.39	0.09389	5.849	0.1577
	320	116	1.53	61.77	0.9653	0.9985	1.034	0.3696	12.05	387.7	84.34	0.1583	3.771	0.1665
	340	152	3.94	61.15	0.9414	1.000	1.063	0.3817	8.813	283.6	120.3	0.2189	2.676	0.1733
	360	188	9.02	60.39	0.9164	1.004	1.095	0.3893	6.811	219.1	156.4	0.2762	2.034	0.1784
	380	224	18.7	59.51	0.8916	1.009	1.132	0.3935	5.486	176.5	192.6	0.3306	1.629	0.1820
	400	260	35.6	58.52	0.8676	1.016	1.172	0.3950	4.566	146.9	229.1	0.3825	1.361	0.1845
	420	296	63.4	57.43	0.8449	1.027	1.215	0.3944	3.899	125.4	265.9	0.4322	1.176	0.1858
	440	332	106	56.23	0.8238	1.041	1.263	0.3918	3.400	109.4	302.9	0.4802	1.046	0.1860
	460	368	170	54.91	0.8044	1.059	1.316	0.3873	3.014	96.97	341.1	0.5267	0.955	0.1850
	480	404	260	53.47	0.7866	1.083	1.376	0.3808	2.708	87.11	379.8	0.5721	0.892	0.1827
	500	440	383	51.90	0.7704	1.114	1.446	0.3721	2.457	79.06	419.4	0.6165	0.852	0.1788
	530	494	646	49.23	0.7495	1.182	1.576	0.3543	2.152	69.25	481.2	0.6822	0.831	0.1692
	560	548	1031	46.06	0.7338	1.295	1.765	0.3295	1.898	61.05	547.3	0.7481	0.864	0.1534
	590	602	1569	42.13	0.7266	1.523	2.097	0.2978	1.662	53.49	620.4	0.8164	0.985	0.1289
	620	656	2306	36.64	0.7438	2.234	3.004	0.2624	1.407	45.28	707.5	0.8932	1.388	0.08903
	630	674	2606	33.98	0.7710	3.064	3.974	0.2499	1.300	41.83	744.1	0.9243	1.846	0.06669
	640	692	2939	30.06	0.8554	6.196	7.244	0.2397	1.154	37.12	791.8	0.9644	3.454	0.03575
	647.1	705.11	3200	20.10							896.1	1.053
Gas	273.16	32.018	0.0888	3.03E-04	0.3388	0.4501	1.328	0.00986	0.1925	6.193	1075	2.187	1.017	2012
	280	44.3	0.144	4.79E-04	0.3402	0.4517	1.328	0.01008	0.1959	6.304	1081	2.144	1.017	1293
	300	80.3	0.513	0.00160	0.3445	0.4572	1.327	0.01079	0.2072	6.666	1096	2.034	1.017	410.5
	320	116	1.53	0.00447	0.3493	0.4638	1.328	0.01162	0.2197	7.068	1112	1.942	1.015	155.6
	340	152	3.94	0.01089	0.3556	0.4727	1.329	0.01259	0.2330	7.497	1127	1.863	1.014	67.93
	360	188	9.02	0.02363	0.3642	0.4855	1.333	0.01369	0.2469	7.945	1141	1.796	1.014	33.15
	380	224	18.7	0.04671	0.3762	0.5039	1.339	0.01495	0.2612	8.402	1155	1.737	1.019	17.64
	400	260	35.6	0.08549	0.3925	0.5298	1.350	0.01638	0.2755	8.865	1168	1.686	1.032	10.04
	420	296	63.4	0.1468	0.4140	0.5652	1.365	0.01799	0.2900	9.329	1179	1.640	1.055	6.020
	440	332	106	0.2393	0.4406	0.6114	1.388	0.01978	0.3044	9.793	1189	1.598	1.090	3.755
	460	368	170	0.3735	0.4715	0.6691	1.419	0.02176	0.3187	10.25	1196	1.560	1.135	2.419
	480	404	260	0.5627	0.5056	0.7399	1.463	0.02395	0.3332	10.72	1202	1.524	1.192	1.598
	500	440	383	0.8240	0.5425	0.8271	1.525	0.02639	0.3478	11.19	1205	1.489	1.263	1.075
	530	494	646	1.403	0.6035	1.005	1.666	0.03070	0.3708	11.93	1203	1.439	1.407	0.6047
	560	548	1031	2.319	0.6741	1.292	1.917	0.03660	0.3970	12.77	1191	1.387	1.623	0.3393
	590	602	1569	3.823	0.7605	1.855	2.440	0.04686	0.4310	13.87	1165	1.329	1.976	0.1835
	620	656	2306	6.636	0.8776	3.569	4.067	0.07318	0.4882	15.71	1111	1.255	2.758	0.08582
	630	674	2606	8.293	0.9342	5.412	5.793	0.09443	0.5225	16.81	1080	1.220	3.468	0.05845
	640	692	2939	11.06	1.028	12.56	12.21	0.1445	0.5835	18.77	1030	1.171	5.876	0.02889
	647.1	705.11	3200	20.10							896.1	1.029

Unit converters:

Density unit converter
Dynamic viscosity unit converter
Kinematic viscosity unit converter
Pressure unit converter
Specific heat (heat capacity) and entropy unit converter
Temperature unit converter
Thermal conductivity unit converter

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