Cryogenic Fluids and Liquefied Gas Properties
Cryogenic services involves the handling of liquefied gases like helium, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine in temperatures between -150 oF to -450 oF.
The "cryogenic" properties of these materials can be summarized to:
| Gas | Helium - He - | Hydrogen - H2 - | Methane - CH4 - | Nitrogen - N2 - | Oxygen - O2 - | Fluorine - F2 - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density at Normal Pressure and Temperature - NPT (lb/ft3) |
0.0103 | 0.0052 | 0.0415 | 0.0724 | 0.0827 | 0.0982 |
| Boiling point at 1 atm (oF) |
-452.1 | -423.2 | -258.2 | -320.4 | -297.4 | -306.6 |
| Vapor density at boiling point (lb/ft3) |
1.06 | 0.084 | 0.111 | 0.288 | 0.296 | |
| Liquid density at boiling point (lb/ft3) |
7.62 | 4.37 | 26.46 | 50.41 | 71.27 | 94.2 |
| Heat of vaporization (Btu/lb) |
8.8 | 193 | 219.2 | 85.2 | 91.7 | 74.1 |
| Critical Temperature (oF) |
-450.3 | -400.3 | -116.5 | -232.8 | -181.1 | -200.2 |
| Critical Pressure (psia) |
33.2 | 187.7 | 673.1 | 492.3 | 736.9 | 808.3 |
NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure: 14.696 psia 70 oF.
- 1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3
- 1 psi = 6894.8 Pa
- 1 Btu/lb = 2326 J/kg
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