Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion
Thermal expansion of typical piping materials.
Linear temperature expansion copper tubes, stainless steel pipes, carbon steel pipes, ductile iron pipes and aluminum tubes are indicated below.
Temperature Change (oF) | Linear Temperature Expansion (in/100 ft) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper | Stainless Steel | Carbon Steel | Ductile Iron | Aluminum | |
0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
10 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
20 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
40 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
50 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
60 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
70 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 |
80 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
90 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
100 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
120 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 |
140 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.2 |
160 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.5 |
180 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
200 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 3.2 |
220 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.5 |
240 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.8 |
260 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 4.1 |
280 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.4 |
300 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 4.8 |
320 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 5.1 |
340 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.4 |
360 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 5.7 |
380 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 6.0 |
400 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 6.3 |
- ΔT(oC) = 5/9 ΔT(oF)
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
- 1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
Example - Temperature Expansion of Copper Tube
A copper tube with length 35 m (115 ft) is heated from 20 oC (68 oF) to 60 oC (140 oF) - a temperature difference of 40 oC (71 oF). The linear expansion from the table above is approximately 0.13 m/100m (1.6 in/100ft).
The expansion of the tube can be calculated
dl = (35 m) (0.13 m/100 m) / (100 m)
= 0.05 m
Alternatively in Imperial units:
dl = (115 ft) (1.6 in/100 ft) / (100 ft)
= 1.8 in