Liquids - Freezing and Melting Points
For pure compounds the following definitions can be given:
- Melting point - the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
- Freezing point - the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
- The melting and freezing point changes with pressure, but normally they are given at 1 atm.
- A pure substance has the same freezing and melting points (in practice a small difference between these quantities can be observed).
- For mixtures of compounds (as petroleum), there are ranges of melting and freezing points versus percent of the mixture melted or frozen.
- For a mixture, the initial melting point is close to the melting point of the lightest compound in the mixture, while the initial freezing point is close to the freezing point (or melting point) of the heaviest compound in the mixture.
- Since the melting point increases with molecular weight, for petroleum mixtures the initial freezing point is greater than the initial melting point.
Freezing and melting points of some common liquids at 1 atm:
See also Physical data for hydrocarbons , Melting points of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids , Physical data for alcohols and carboxylic acids , Physical data for organic sulfur compounds , Physical data for organic nitrogen compounds and Melting and Boiling Point, Density and Solubility in Water for Inorganic Compounds
| Fluid | Freezing or Melting Point (K) |
|---|---|
| Acetic acid | 290 |
| Acetone | 179 |
| Alcohol, allyl | 144 |
| Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol) | 158.6 |
| Alcohol, isobutyl | 165 |
| Alcohol, methyl (methanol) | 175.5 |
| Alcohol, propyl | 146 |
| Aniline | 267 |
| Anisole | 235.5 |
| Benzene | 278.7 |
| Benzonitrile | 260.3 |
| Bromine | 265.95 |
| Bromobenzene | 242.4 |
| Butane | 135 |
| Camphor | 452 |
| Carbon Dioxide | 194.5 |
| Carbon Disulfide | 161.2 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane) | 250.4 |
| Castor Oil | 263.2 |
| Chlorobenzene | 227.8 |
| Chloroform (Trichloromethane) | 209.6 |
| 3-Chloropropene (Allyl Chloride) | 138.5 |
| Cyclohexane | 280 |
| Decane | 243.5 |
| Dodecane | 247.2 |
| Ether | 157 |
| Ethyl acetat | 189.4 |
| Ethylene bromide | 283 |
| Ethylene Glycol | 260.2 |
| Formic acid | 281 |
| Trichlorofluoromethane refrigerant R-11 | 162 |
| Dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant R-12 | 115 |
| Glycerine | 290.8 |
| n-Heptane | 182.5 |
| Hexane | 178 |
| Iodine | 386.6 |
| Isopentane (2-Methylbutane) | 113.1 |
| Linseed oil | 253 |
| Mercury | 234.13 |
| Methylcyclopentane | 130.5 |
| Naphtalene | 353 |
| Nitrobenzene | 278.7 |
| Nitrogen | 63.14 |
| n-Octane | 216.4 |
| Pentane | 143.3 |
| Phenol | 316.2 |
| Propylene | 87.9 |
| Propylene glycol | 213 |
| Toluene | 178 |
| Turpentine | 214 |
| Water, Fresh | 273 |
| Water, Sea | 270.6 |
T C = T K - 273.16 [°C]
Related Topics
• Material Properties
Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.
• Melting and Freezing Points
Melting and freezing points of elements and chemical species at varying conditions.
• Thermodynamics
Work, heat and energy systems.
Related Documents
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - Physical Data
Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, pKa-values, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in molecules are given for 150 different alcohols and acids.
Aluminum - Melting Points of Binary Eutectic Alloys
Al - Aluminum - binary eutectic alloys and their melting points.
Copper Binary Eutectic Alloys - Melting Points
Cu - Copper - binary eutectic alloys and their melting points.
Ethanol Freeze Protected Water Solutions
Freezing temperature and flash points for ethanol based water solutions or brines.
Gold Binary Eutectic Alloys - Melting Points
Some Au - Gold - binary eutectic alloys and their melting points.
Hydrocarbons - Physical Data
Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, flash point and autoignition temperature, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule for 200 different hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Acids - Boiling points
Boiling temperatures (°C and °F) with varying carbon numbers up to C33.
Inorganic Compounds in Water - Melting and Boiling Temperature, Density and Solubility
Physical constants for more than 280 common inorganic compounds. Density is given for the actual state at 25°C and for liquid phase at melting point temperature.
Latent Heat of Melting common Materials
Latent heat of fusion when changing between solid or liquid state for common materials like aluminum, ammonia, glycerin, water and more.
Melting points of Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Acids
Melting temperature (°C and °F) with carbon number up to C33.
Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Physical Data
Boiling and melting points of amines, diamines, pyrroles, pyridines, piperidines and quinolines shown together with their molecular structures, as well as molweights and density.
Organic Sulfur Compounds - Physical Data
Boiling and melting points of thoils, sulfides, disulfides and thiophenes shown together with molecular structures, as well as molweights and density.
Propylene Glycol based Heat-Transfer Fluids
Freezing points of propylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids suitable for the food processing industry.
Solids - Melting and Boiling Temperatures
Melting and boiling temperatures of some products.