Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!

This is an AMP page - Open full page! for all features.

Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!

Solubility Product Constants

Sponsored Links

For ionic compounds with limited solubility in water, an equilibrium constant, K sp , can be defined from the ion concentration in water from the equation:

M m A n (s) = m Mn+ (aq) + n Am- (aq)

where M m A n is the slightly soluble substance and Mn+ and Am- are the ions produced in solution by dissosiation of M m A n .

K sp = (Mn+) m * (Am-) n

The table below gives calculated values of K sp for common ionic substances at 25°C (77°F). They are calculated by using standard state thermodynamic data and the equations:

Δ = m f G °(M+, aq) + n f (A-, aq) - Δf (M m A n , s)        and       ln K sp = -Δ G°/RT

K sp is indicating the maximum concentration of the solved ionic substace in water at the actual (stable) temperature.


For sulfides , a K spa is defined based on the equation

M m S n (s) + 2H+= m M+(aq) + n H2S(aq)

.

See also Solutions, molarity and dilution, and Solubility guidelines for ionic compounds in water

Solubility Product Constants
Name Formula K sp K spa
Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3 3 ×10-34
Aluminium phosphate AlPO4 9.84 ×10-21
Barium bromate Ba(BrO3)2 2.43 ×10-4
Barium carbonate BaCO3 2.58 ×10 -9
Barium chromate(VI) BaCrO4 1.17 ×10-10
Barium fluoride BaF2 1.84 ×10-7
Barium hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH)2*8H2O 2.55 ×10-4
Barium iodate Ba(IO3)2 4.01 ×10 -9
Barium iodate monohydrate Ba(IO3)2*H2O 1.67 ×10 -9
Barium molybdate BaMoO4 3.54 ×10-8
Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 4.64 ×10-3
Barium selenate BaSeO4 3.40 ×10-8
Barium sulfate BaSO4 1.08 ×10-10
Barium sulfite BaSO3 5.0 ×10-10
Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH)2 6.92 ×10-22
Bismuth arsenate BiAsO4 4.43 ×10-10
Bismuth iodide BiI 7.71 ×10-19
Bismuth triiodite BiI3 7.71 ×10-19
Cadmium arsenate Cd3 (AsO4 )2 2.2 ×10-33
Cadmium carbonate CdCO3 1.0 ×10-12
Cadmium fluoride CdF2 6.44 ×10-3
Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 7.2 ×10-15
Cadmium iodate Cd(IO3)2 2.5 ×10-8
Cadmium oxalate trihydrate CdC2O4 *3H2O 1.42 ×10-8
Cadmium phosphate Cd3 (PO4 )2 2.53 ×10-33
Cadmium sulfide CdS 8 ×10-7
Calcium carbonate (calcite) CaCO3 3.36 ×10 -9
Calcium carbonate (aragonite) CaCO3 6.0 ×10 -9
Calcium fluoride CaF2 3.45 ×10-11
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 5.02 ×10-6
Calcium iodate Ca(IO3)2 6.47 ×10-6
Calcium iodate hexahydrate Ca(IO3)2*6H2O 7.10 ×10-7
Calcium molybdate CaMoO4 1.46 ×10-8
Calcium oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 *H2O 2.32 ×10 -9
Calcium phosphate Ca3 (PO4 )2 2.07 ×10-33
Calcium sulfate CaSO4 4.93 ×10-5
Calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4 *2H2O 3.14 ×10-5
Calcium sulfite hemihydrate CaSO3 *0.5H2O 3.1 ×10-7
Cesium perchlorate CsClO4 3.95 ×10-3
Cesium periodate CsIO4 5.16 ×10-6
Cobalt(II) arsenate Co3 (AsO4 )2 6.80 ×10-29
Cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO3 1.0 ×10-10
Cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH)2 5.92 ×10-15
Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate Co(IO3)2*2H2O 1.21 ×10-2
Cobalt(II) phosphate Co3 (PO4 )2 2.05 ×10-35
Copper(II) arsenate Cu3 (AsO4 )2 7.95 ×10-36
Copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.27 ×10 -9
Copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.72 ×10-7
Copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.47 ×10-20
Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 1 ×10-20
Copper(II) iodate monohydrate Cu(IO3)2*H2O 6.94 ×10-8
Copper(I) iodide CuI 1.27 ×10-12
Copper(II) oxalate CuC2O4 4.43 ×10-10
Copper(II) phosphate Cu3 (PO4 )2 1.40 ×10-37
Copper(II) sulfide CuS 6 ×10-16
Copper(I) thiocyanate CuSCN 1.77 ×10-13
Chromium(II)hydroxide Cr(OH)2 1 ×10-17
Chromium(III)hydroxide Cr(OH)3 1 ×10-30
Europium(III) hydroxide Eu(OH)3 9.38 ×10-27
Gallium(III) hydroxide Ga(OH)3 7.38 ×10-36
Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 3.13 ×10-11
Iron(II) fluoride FeF2 2.36 ×10-6
Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 4.87 ×10-17
Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 2.79 ×10-39
Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate FePO4 *2H2O 9.91 ×10-16
Iron(II) sulfide FeS 6 ×102
Lanthanum iodate La(IO3)3 7.50 ×10-12
Lead(II) bromide PbBr2 6.60 ×10-6
Lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 7.40 ×10-14
Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.70 ×10-5
Lead(II) chromate PbCrO4 3 ×10-13
Lead(II) fluoride PbF2 3.3 ×10-8
Lead(II) hydroxide Pb(OH)2 1.43 ×10-20
Lead(II) iodate Pb(IO3)2 3.69 ×10-13
Lead(II) iodide PbI2 9.8 ×10 -9
Lead oxalate PbC2O4 8.5 ×10 -9
Lead(II) selenate PbSeO4 1.37 ×10-7
Lead(II) sulfate PbSO4 2.53 ×10-8
Lead(II) sulfide PbS 3 ×10-7
Lithium carbonate LiCO3 8.15 ×10-4
Lithium fluoride LiF 1.84 ×10-3
Lithium phosphate Li3 PO4 2.37 ×10-11
Magnesium ammonium phosphate MgNH4 PO4 3 ×10-13
Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 6.82 ×10-6
Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate MgCO3 *5H2O 3.79 ×10-6
Magnesium carbonate trihydrate MgCO3 *3H2O 2.38 ×10-6
Magnesium fluoride MgF2 5.16 ×10-11
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 5.61 ×10-12
Magnesium oxalate dihydrate MgC2O4 *2H2O 4.83 ×10-6
Magnesium phosphate Mg3 (PO4 )2 1.04 ×10-24
Manganese(II) carbonate MnCO3 2.24 ×10-11
Manganese(II) iodate Mn(IO3)2 4.37 ×10-7
Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate MnC2O4*2H2O 1.70 ×10-7
Manganese(II) sulfide (a-form) MnS 3 ×107
Mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br2 6.40 ×10-23
Mercury(II) bromide HgBr3 6.2 ×10-20
Mercury(I) carbonate Hg2CO3 3.6 ×10-17
Mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl2 1.43 ×10-18
Mercury(I) fluoride Hg2F2 3.10 ×10-6
Mercury(I)hydroxide Hg2(OH)2 2 ×10-24
Mercury(II) hydroxide Hg(OH)2 4 ×10-26
Mercury(I) iodide Hg2I2 5.2 ×10-29
Mercury(II) iodide (red) HgI2 2.9 ×10-29
Mercury(I) oxalate Hg2C2O4 1.75 ×10-13
Mercury(I) sulfate Hg2SO4 6.5 ×10-7
Mercury(II) sulfide (red) Hg2S 4 ×10-33
Mercury(II) sulfide (black) Hg2S 2 ×10-32
Mercury(I) thiocyanate Hg2(SCN)2 3.2 ×10-20
Neodymium carbonate Nd2(CO3)3 1.08 ×10-33
Nickel(II) carbonate NiCO3 1.42 ×10-7
Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 5.48 ×10-16
Nickel(II) iodate Ni(IO3)2 4.71 ×10-5
Nickel(II) phosphate Ni3 (PO4 )2 4.74 ×10-32
Palladium(II) thiocyanate Pd(SCN)2 4.39 ×10-23
Potassium hexachloroplatinate K2PtCl6 7.48 ×10-6
Potassium perchlorate KClO4 1.05 ×10-2
Potassium periodate KIO4 3.71 ×10-4
Praseodymium(III) hydroxide Pr(OH)3 3.39 ×10-24
Radium iodate Ra(IO3)2 1.16 ×10 -9
Radium sulfate RaSO4 3.66 ×10-11
Rubidium perchlorate RbClO4 3.00 ×10-3
Scandium fluoride ScF3 5.81 ×10-24
Scandium hydroxide Sc(OH)3 2.22 ×10-31
Silver(I) acetate AgC2H3 O2 1.94 ×10-3
Silver(I) arsenate Ag3 AsO4 1.03 ×10-22
Silver(I) bromate AgBrO3 5.38 ×10-5
Silver(I) bromide AgBr 5.35 ×10-13
Silver(I) carbonate Ag2CO3 8.46 ×10-12
Silver(I) chloride AgCl 1.77 ×10-10
Silver(I) chromate Ag2CrO4 1.12 ×10-12
Silver(I) cyanide AgCN 5.97 ×10-17
Silver(I) hydroxide AgOH 2 ×10-8
Silver(I) iodate AgIO3 3.17 ×10-8
Silver(I) iodide AgI 8.52 ×10-17
Silver(I) oxalate Ag2C2O4 5.40 ×10-12
Silver(I) phosphate Ag3 PO4 8.89 ×10-17
Silver(I) sulfate Ag2SO4 1.20 ×10-5
Silver(I) sulfide Ag2S 6 ×10-30
Silver(I) sulfite Ag2SO3 1.50 ×10-14
Silver(I) thiocyanate AgSCN 1.03 ×10-12
Strontium arsenate Sr3 (AsO4 ) 4.29 ×10-19
Strontium carbonate SrCO3 5.60 ×10-10
Strontium fluoride SrF2 4.33 ×10 -9
Strontium iodate Sr(IO3)2 1.14 ×10-7
Strontium iodate hexahydrate Sr(IO3)2*6H2O 4.55 ×10-7
Strontium iodate monohydrate Sr(IO3)2*H2O 3.77 ×10-7
Strontium oxalate SrC2O4 5 ×10-8
Strontium sulfate SrSO4 3.44 ×10-7
Thallium(I) bromate TlBrO3 1.10 ×10-4
Thallium(I) bromide TlBr 3.71 ×10-6
Thallium(I) chloride TlCl 1.86 ×10-4
Thallium(I) chromate Tl2CrO4 8.67 ×10-13
Thallium(III) hydroxide Tl(OH)3 1.68 ×10-44
Thallium(I) iodate TlIO3 3.12 ×10-6
Thallium(I) iodine TlI 5.54 ×10-8
Thallium(I) thiocyanate TlSCN 1.57 ×10-4
Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)2 5.45 ×10-27
Tin(II) sulfide SnS 1 ×10-5
Vanadium(II) hydroxide V(OH)2 4 ×10-16
Vanadium(III) hydroxide V(OH)3 4 ×10-35
Yttrium carbonate Y2(CO3)3 1.03 ×10-31
Yttrium fluoride YF3 8.62 ×10-21
Yttrium hydroxide Y(OH)3 1.00 ×10-22
Yttrium iodate Y(IO3)3 1.12 ×10-10
Zinc arsenate Zn3 (AsO4 )2 2.8 ×10-28
Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 1.46 ×10-10
Zinc carbonate monohydrate ZnCO3 *H2O 5.42 ×10-11
Zinc fluoride ZnF2 3.04 ×10-2
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 3 ×10-17
Zinc iodate dihydrate Zn(IO3)2*2H2O 4.1 ×10-6
Zinc oxalate dihydrate ZnC2O4 *2H2O 1.38 ×10 -9
Zinc selenide ZnSe 3.6 ×10-26
Zinc selenite monohydrate ZnSeO3 *H2O 1.59 ×10-7
Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) ZnS 2 ×10-4
Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) ZnS 3 ×10-2
Sponsored Links

Related Topics

Fluid Mechanics

The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.

Material Properties

Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.

Related Documents

Concentration Units Converter

Calculator and formulas for conversion between different units of concentration: Molarity, molality, mole fraction, weight percent of solute and grams of solute per liter of solution - descriptive terms for solubility.

Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines

Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.

Mixtures, Solutions and Suspensions

Mixtures vs. solutions vs. suspensions.

Naming Inorganic Binary Compounds

Rules for naming inorganic ionic and covalent types of chemical compounds.

Salinity of Water

Salinity - salt content - of fresh, brackish and sea water.

Solubility

The amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent.

Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature

Solubility of Ammonia, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Ethane, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in water.

Solutions, Molarity and Dilution

Definitions and examples of how to calculate wt%, molarity and how to prepare dilutions.

Sugar Solubility in Water

Solubility of sugar in water.

Sponsored Links

Search Engineering ToolBox

Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!

SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro . Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the Sketchup Extension Warehouse!

Privacy

We don't collect information from our users. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience.

Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. We don't save this data.

Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics on the AMP pages. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected.

AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information.