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Gas Mixtures - Properties

Gas mixtures and the ideal gas law, mass calculations, the individual gas constant and density.

Mixture of gases are common in many applications. Our most common example is air - mainly consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor - as moist air. A combustion gas with nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide is an other example.

Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density.

The Ideal Gas Law for a Gas Mixture

The Ideal Gas Law for a perfect or ideal gas adapted for a gas mixture:

p V = mm Rm T                           (1)

where

p = absolute pressure in the mixture (N/m2, lb/ft2)

V = volume of the mixture(m3, ft3)

mm = mass of the mixture (kg, lb)

Rm = the individual gas constant for the mixture (J/kg K, ft lb/slugs oR)

T = absolute temperature in the mixture (oK, oR)

The Mass of a Gas Mixture

The mass of a gas mixture can be expressed as:

mm = m1 + m2 + .. + mn                             (2)

where

m1 + m2 + .. + mn = the mass of each gas component in the mixture

The Individual Gas Constant of a Gas Mixture

The individual gas constant of a gas mixture can be calculated as:

Rm = (R1 m1 + R2 m2 + .. + Rn mn) / (m1 + m2 + .. + mn )                           (3)

The Density of a Gas Mixture

The density of a gas mixture can be calculated as:

ρm = (ρ1 v12 v2 + .. + ρn vn) / (v1 + v2 + .. + vn )                           (4)

where

ρm = density of the gas mixture (kg/m3, lb/ft3)

ρ1 .. ρn = density of each of the components (kg/m3, lb/ft3)

v1 + v2 + .. + vn = volume share of each of the components (m3, ft3)

Related Topics

  • Fluid Mechanics

    The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time.
  • Gases and Compressed Air

    Properties of air, LNG, LPG and other common gases. Pipeline capacities and sizing of relief valves.

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