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Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines

Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.

See also Solutions, molarity and dilution and Solubility product constants

Ionic Compounds in Water - Usually Soluble
Usually Soluble Exceptions
Acetates CH3 COO- Moderately soluble: CH3 COOAg
Ammonium NH4 +
Chlorates ClO3-
Perchlorates ClO4 -
Group 1 cations Li+
Na+
K+
Rb+
Cs+
Halides F- Insoluble: MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, PbF2
Cl- Insoluble: AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2,
Br- Insoluble: AgBr, Hg2Br2, PbBr2,
I- Insoluble: AgI, Hg2I2, PbI2,
Nitrates NO3-
Nitrites NO2 - Moderately soluble: AgNO2
Sulfates SO4 2-

Moderate soluble: CaSO4 , SrSO4 , Ag2SO4

Insoluble: BaSO4 , PbSO4 , HgSO4

Ionic Compounds in Water - Usually Insoluble
Usually Insoluble Exceptions
Carbonates CO32- Soluble: (NH4 )2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3
Hydroxides OH-

Soluble: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

Moderately soluble: Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2

Phosphates PO4 3- Soluble: (NH4 )3 PO4 , Na3 PO4 , K3 PO4
Sulfides S2- Soluble: (NH4 )2S, Na2S, K2S, MgS, CaS
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