Ionic Compounds in Water - Solubility Guidelines
Guidelines or solubility rules to predict whether or not a given ionic compound is soluble in water at room temperature.
See also Solutions, molarity and dilution and Solubility product constants
Usually Soluble | Exceptions | |
---|---|---|
Acetates | CH3 COO- | Moderately soluble: CH3 COOAg |
Ammonium | NH4 + | |
Chlorates | ClO3- | |
Perchlorates | ClO4 - | |
Group 1 cations | Li+ | |
Na+ | ||
K+ | ||
Rb+ | ||
Cs+ | ||
Halides | F- | Insoluble: MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, PbF2 |
Cl- | Insoluble: AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2, | |
Br- | Insoluble: AgBr, Hg2Br2, PbBr2, | |
I- | Insoluble: AgI, Hg2I2, PbI2, | |
Nitrates | NO3- | |
Nitrites | NO2 - | Moderately soluble: AgNO2 |
Sulfates | SO4 2- |
Moderate soluble: CaSO4 , SrSO4 , Ag2SO4 Insoluble: BaSO4 , PbSO4 , HgSO4 |
Usually Insoluble | Exceptions | |
---|---|---|
Carbonates | CO32- | Soluble: (NH4 )2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 |
Hydroxides | OH- |
Soluble: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2 Moderately soluble: Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 |
Phosphates | PO4 3- | Soluble: (NH4 )3 PO4 , Na3 PO4 , K3 PO4 |
Sulfides | S2- | Soluble: (NH4 )2S, Na2S, K2S, MgS, CaS |